Published here online for the first time, this is the
Index of the Transactions of the Essex Society for Archaeology and History
(until 1985, the Essex Archaeological Society).
Contact us for more information.
Colchester Royal Grammar School29:
146; 30:
278
Eastern Counties
Railway (1843) 26: 290
Gilbert and Tayspill,
cartographers 25: 224, 225
]. H. Round and Victorian
Colchester 23: 79-89 Old Heath Common (and
Battleswick), enclosure
of27:237-46,238,245
vagrancy and prostitution 27: 232, 233 19th-20th cent.
architects 24: 168
Hyam Hyam clothing manufacturing 27: 229 20th cent.
anti-glider ditches
28: 195
defence sites 29:
191, 192; 30: 208
wartime bombing damage 25: 52
Abbey Fields,
Roman cemetery 28: 282
Albert School of Art 23: 83
All Saints
parish 25: 73
19th cent. census
and female population 27: 232
Angel Yard 23: 28; 25: 50; 27: 35-83 (inc. illustr.)
Roman period
Bldg 171 27: 37, 39
Bldg 172 27: 37-42, 39
coin analysis 27: 64-71
glass remains
27: 73
pottery 27: 70,71-2
small finds 27: 73-5, 74-5
Anglo-Saxon period 27: 38, 41-2
medieval period 21: 129;27: 38, 42
Bldg 173 27: 42, 44, 45
Bldg 176 27: 45, 59-60
Bldg 177 27: 60-2, 60
medieval to post-medieval period 21: 129; 27: 58-9
Bldg 174 27: 42-52, 44, 46-57
Bldg 175 27: 49, 53-8,
54
glass remains
27: 73
pottery 27: 72-3, 72
small fmds 27: 75-81, 76-80
Ashley Gardens
(No. 6) 30: 223
Balkerne Gardens, Freda
Gunton Lodge, Roman deposits 26: 243
Balkerne Hill
St Mary's Hospital
Boudiccan and Roman features
29: 197-8
'Union Cemetery'
29: 198
Balkerne Lane 26: 161
Romano-Celtic temple
23: 37 Balkerne Passage/Gate
Mercury Theatre
early Roman barrack plinths 29: 197
Roman features and mosaic floor 28: 205, 209; 29:
197
Battleswick (medieval) manor 27: 237-46 Beverley Road see
Lexden, Colchester Bourne Watermill25: 248
Boxted Road/Turner Road road link 29: 198-9 Brinkley Grove,
Highwoods Country Park, earthwork
(poss. fort) 30: 212, 217
Butt Road, Roman features
and cemetery 28: 316; 29:
198;30:210,217
Castle
and Camden 24: 158
]. H.
Round on 23: 81-3
medieval sgraffito
ware 23: 51, 53
Colchester
Temple of Claudius temple podium 23: 99, 103; 24:
234-6
Castle Park
Roman town wall remains 27: 271; 30: 223, 230
The Folly 27: 271
Castle Road, No. 67
former Greyfriars monastery area 29: 209
late medieval/post-medieval pottery
29: 209
Colchester Royal Grammar School26:
290; 29: 146; 30:
278
Crouch Street (No. 33)
30: 223
Crouched Friars 21: 104
Culver Street 23: 33
Donyland, West (medieval) manor 27: 237, 238,239,241,
246
East Hill House, late 18th cent. society 24: 241 East Stockwell Street 27: 63-4, 64
Roman public building excavated
22: 152; 23: 25-33
(inc. illustr.), 37; 27: 35
East Street, Rose and Crown Hotel, orig. medieval aisled hall29: 211
Gosbecks
general
cropmarks 28: 195
site first opened 28: 316
prehistoric features
26: 261
pre-Roman Iron Age 21: 142; 23: 108; 26: 261,262
Shrub End Dyke(?)
26: 262 late Iron Age/early Roman
settlement 26: 261-4,263
theatre 26: 261
water main 26: 261,262,263
Romano-Celtic temple 21: 125; 26: 261, 262; 28: 205, 22Q-1,227
portico 28: 221, 227; 29: 206-7,214
Roman cremations and inhumations 28: 205,217
Archaeological Park 28: 220-1;
29: 194, 206-7, 214; 30:
216
Head Gate 23:
33, 34, 37
High Street 27:
63-4, 64
Nos 133-4,
timber-framing 21: 129; 27: 36
No. 136 27: 61
timber-framed cellars 27: 36, 61, 62, 63 No. 147,Jacklins
sarnian pottery 29: 205
poss. early medieval
structure 29: 205
No. 155 (Williams & Griffin), Roman wall remains
30: 223-4
see also Angel Yard (above); Red Lion, The (below)
Holy Cross,
hospital of 24: 127, 128
Holy Trinity parish 25: 73 HytheHill
No. 79 (Eastern Approaches Road) medieval features
25: 242
late medieval
and post-medieval structures 26: 249; 27:267
Nos 117-9 & 124-5
30: 224
medieval and post-medieval features 29: 198
Hythe Quay 27: 271
Kirkee McMunn barracks 29: 260-9 (inc. illustr.); 30: 223
prehistoric features 29: 262
Roman features
26: 253; 29: 262-6, 268
Roman hypocausted building 26: 253; 29: 262, 265, 266,
268
post-Roman features
29: 266,268
31
Colchester
Colchester (cont.)
Layer Road, Birch Grove Golf Club, land adjoining 30:
213
LexdenRoad
Maternity Hospital, Roman features 29: 198
Nos 32-34 Sovereign
Crescent, Roman features 30: 217-18
Lion Walk 25: 134, 136, 155
Long Wyre Street
pre-Boudiccan bath-building 23: 120-3, 121
Co-operative Stores, Boudiccan and Roman structures
29: 198;30:210,218
Magdalen Street,
No. 155 29: 209
Maldon Road (No. 79), Roman finds 28:221 North Hill
No. 21, Roman floor levels
26: 243
Nos 67-70, mise. Boudiccan and pre-Boudiccan deposits
29: 209
Sixth Form College (formerly Gilberd
School), Roman deposits 29: 209
North Station
Road
Northgate Centre (former Railway Mission), Roman
features 30: 224
No. 26, Midland
Bank (formerly Roman building)
30:
224
Nos 157a-167 (former
Tweed's Bakery site) 30: 213 Old Poultry
Market site, Roman town suburbs
30: 213
Northern Approaches Road
geophysical survey 29: 213
LIA and Roman features 29: 198-9 Northgate Street
Nos 22 and 22A, Roman town evidence
26: 253 No. 97 (rear),
Roman town evidence
29:209
Old Heath (Old Hythe) 26: 290
Bell Inn 27: 239, 241, 242
Clevelands Farm 27:
244, 245
enclosure of common (19th cent.) 27: 237-46, 238, 245
Middlewick Farm 27:244,245
St Runwald's
Farm 27: 244, 245
Olivers Lane 26: 261, 262
Osborne Street 21: 129; 25: 46-59 (inc. illustr.) Site A
Roman period 25: 46, 47-8
medieval period 25: 46, 48-9, 49-50
medieval/post-medieval period 25: 46,49-52, 51-5
Site B, post-medieval period 25: 58
Site C, post-medieval period 25: 52-7,56-7
Queen Street Bus Station, Roman buildings and wall 22: 152-3
The Red Lion 25: 134-59
(inc. illustr.)
cellars 25:137,138-40,140,147, 148,151-4,156
chimney stacks 25: 149-50, 149
documentary evidence 25: 155
frontage complex 25: 135, 137, 141-54, 142-3,148
'Gallery' remains
25: 154
geometry of site 25: 135, 136
Howard family connection 25: 154-5
south-east lodging 25: 137, 146-7, 156
'Southern Hall' 25: 134,135, 136-41,139, 156, 157
St Barnabas
parish, Old Heath 27: 237
St Botolph, parish of25: 73, 74; 27: 233,235
St Botolph Street 25: 46, 47, 48,49
No. 48, Roman deposits and poss.
medieval structure 29:209
St Botolph's Church,
in Tudor period 22: 90
Essex Society
for Archaeology and History
St Botolph's
Priory 22: 68, 69, 96; 24: 131; 25: 47, 75, 76;
30:277
St Botolph's Priory Church, late Roman structure
23: 103
St Giles' Church parsonage 26: 216
in Tudor period 22: 92
St Giles' parish
25: 73, 74; 27: 237, 238
St Helen's Chapel,J.
H. Round on 23: 82-3; 29: 158
St Helen's Lane, former Quaker burial ground 30: 224 StJames' Church, in Tudor period 22: 90
StJames' parish 25: 73
StJohn's Abbey 22: 96; 24: 127, 128, 129, 130, 131; 25:
288;30:277
St John's
Street
colonia roadway
22: 153
Roman human remains 23: 37
Roman public
building excavated 22: 153; 23: 25, 33-7,
34-7; 27:35
St Leonard's
Church, chantries in 22: 90 St Leonard's
parish 25: 73,74
St Leonard's-at-the-Hythe 27: 237
St Martin's
Church 28: 249
St Martin's
parish 25: 73
St Mary Magdalen's Church and Churchyard (ex-leper hospital) 21: 127, 129
St Mary Magdalen's
parish 25: 73,74
19th cent. census and female
population 27: 232 StMary-at-the-Walls 23: 172;25: 73, 74;27: 233
Rev. Thomas Twining
as rector (d 1804) (book review) 24:241,242,243
St Mary's Hospital,
geophysical survey 29: 213
St Nicholas' parish 25: 73; 27: 232 St Peter's Church
chantry in 22: 90
Gild ofJesus Mass 22: 92
St Peters House, St
Peters Street, Roman waterfront 30:
210,213
St Peter's
parish 25: 73
St Runwald's
parish 25: 73
Samuel Harsnett
Library 23: 80; 28:
317
Sheepen,
late Iron Age/Roman features 26: 262; 30: 223 Sheepen Place/Westway, Roman and Victorian deposits 29:
199
Sheepen Road, Colchester Institute 30: 223
Shrub End Dyke 29: 209-10
Shrub End Landfill Site 27: 248
Stanwell Street
25: 46, 52
Straight Road,
Church of Latter-Day Saints, poss. Roman
'camp' 29:209-10
Turner Rise
Roman artefacts
30: 224
Asda Store 29: 194, 199,210
Turner Road/Boxted Road road link 29: 198-9 Turner Village,
LIA/Roman features 29: 198-9 Victoria
Chase area, Roman buildings
30: 213,224 Weeley,
military camp during French
wars 27: 226 West
House Wood 25: 76, 77
West Stockwell Street 27: 63-4, 64
Roman street metalling 21: 129
see also Angel Yard (above)
Westway/Sheepen Place, Roman and Victorian deposits
29: 199
Ypres Road 30:223 Zoo see Stanway
see also Lexden;
Stanway
32
IndexforVolumes 21-30
Cold War
Hadleigh, anti-aircraft site 30: 207
Kelvedon Hatch Regional
Government HQ 29:212 Vange, anti-aircraft site 30: 207
Coldhams Double-Moated
site see Clavering (Moat
Farm)
Cole, Rev. William, St Andrew's Church,
Earls Colne 28: 167,170,172,174,175,179n11
Cole, William, 'common
preacher' of Colchester (16th cent.) 22: 97
Coleman's Farm see Rivenhall
Coles, George (cinema
architect) 24: 168, 169, 172
Coller,
DuffieldW. (historian) 24: 157 Collins Creek, Blackwater estuary
fishing weirs
27: 255; 29: 274, 282
Saxon (poss.) timber structures 24: 193, 196, 209; 29:
275-6, 275, 281
Collins family (bakers)
ofCressing 30:238-9 Colne, River 26:233, 234;
30:213
anti-invasion defences
28: 195
medieval fishing rights 22: 70, 71,72; 26: 293; 28: 190
River Police 26: 293-4 Colne Engaine
Anglian Water mains replacement schemes 23: 137, 138,
142
Brickhouse Road, later medieval features
22: 153
Colne estuary 26: 223
fish weirs 28: 193
WW2 anti-glider ditches 28: 195
Colne Fishery Company
28: 191
Colne Point 25: 233
Colne river valley 26: 231
Colwell, Thomas, Temple
Mills lease 22: 117
Combe Down (Avon), poss. Roman
principia 24: 20; 26:
265,267
combs
bone
toilet implements, post-medieval, Maldon Carmelite
Friary 30: 118,
119 'weaving combs'
Iron Age 23: 117
Dunmow, Great, Buildings
Farm 28: 86, 87
not precisely
dated 26: 37
iron curry, medieval, Maldon Carmelite Friary
30: 77, 121,
122, 135
iron woolcombs, Roman 26: 77
Dunmow, Great, Buildings Farm 28: 84, 86
Connell, Patrick and
Isserlin, Raphael M. J., 'A previously unknown
medieval earthwork in Maldon; excavation behind
the Moot Hall,
39 High Street, Maldon
1991' 28: 133-41
Constans, Emperor see coins
(Roman)
Constantine, House of see coins (Roman) Constantine I ('The Great') see coins (Roman) Constantinople (Ottoman Empire) 27: 195 Constantius 11, Emperor
see coins (Roman)
Cook, James,
Witham incendiarism (1820s) 23: 171 Cook, Thomas, and Tottenham Mills
23: 59
Cooper, Janet,
The Battle of Maldon: Fiction and Fact
(book review) 26: 288-9
Copford
prehistoric site (prob.) 24: 209
19th cent. tithe map 25: 223
Church of St Mary
(later St Michael
and All Angels) roof21: 120-2,12G-1;29: 105
copper alloy
objects
wall paintings uncovered
(17th cent.) 24: 161 Stanstede,J. as rector (14th cent.)
24: 127
Copland, John,
Chelmsford solicitor 26: 292 Copped Hall,
Epping
Tudor house, outbuilding (later converted barn) 24: 231-3,
232,233
18th cent.
house 29: 226-8,227,228
later burned down 24: 231;
25: 288,289
prob. ice house 29: 226,227
demolished glasshouses 30: 216
copper alloy
objects Bronze
Age (general)
Chelmsford and Essex Museum 24: 220, 221
Dovercourt 28: 277
Easthorpe 22: 2, 3
Ellesborough (Bucks) 28: 275,277
Grays Thurrock
22: 5, 7; 28: 278, 280
Isle of Harty (Kent) 28: 280
Langdon Bay (Kent) 28: 280
Leigh-on-Sea, Fleming Avenue
28: 280
Minster (Kent) 28: 280
Ugley 28: 275 early Bronze Age
Shoebury, North 21: 134; 23: 115
Tiptree 28: 273 middle Bronze
Age
Billericay 25: 258; 27: 306, 307
Brornley, Great, Balls Green 28: 270-3,
271
Sheering 23: 115-16, 116; 28: 181
Stapleford Abbotts
27: 305-7, 308
late Bronze Age
Blackmore, Fithlers
Hall Farm, Highwood 28: 277-81,
279
Blackwater valley
30: 260-2, 261
Boreham 22: 139; 25: 12
Clavering 28: 181-2, 181
Fingringhoe
Plane Hall Farm 22: 2, 3-7,
4, 6
South Green 22: 6, 8
Hacton 22: 6, 9-10, 9
Hatfield Broad Oak 23: 116,
117; 28: 278, 280
Horkesley, Little 22: 9, 10
Layer Marney
28: 273-7, 274,276
Minnis Bay, Birchington (Kent) 28: 280
Oakley, Little 22: 9, 10-11
Stumps Cross 26: 259, 260
Swallows Cross,
Rayplace Farm 28: 277-81,278, 279
Vange 29: 1-18 (inc. illustr.)
Wasketts, Great 26: 259; 29: 16 Iron Age
Bocking 22: 1-3, 2
Fingringhoe, Plane Hall Farm 22: 6, 7-8
Upminster, Hunts Hill Farm 25: 252 late Iron Age
Langenhoe, red hill26: 73-4, 73
Maldon Hall Farm
21: 133 late Iron Age/early Roman
Billericay, School21: 39,40-1,40
Dunmow, Great, Buildings Farm 28:
82, 83, 85
HarlowTemple 21: 133
Kelvedon, High Street, Lawson
Villas 28: 211 Stanway 21: 135;
24: 207; 28: 221
Roman
Birchanger, Woodside Industrial Park 25: 28, 34,41-2,
42
33
copper
alloy objects
copper
alloy objects, Roman (cont.)
Boreham, Bull's Lodge Farm 24: 13-14,
14, 15
Braintree, George
Yard 24: 22, 29,44-7,45-6
Chelmsford and Essex Museum 24: 220, 221
Chesterford, Great 27: 308, 309
Colchester
Angel Yard 27: 73, 74,
75
Butt Road 30: 217
Gosbecks 26: 262
Lexden Road, Sovereign
Crescent 30: 218
Dunmow, Great, Buildings Farm 28: 83, 84, 85
Elsenham 23: 112
Tye Green 27:271
Harlow, Old, Market Street 22: 107
Henham 21: 143; 27: 307-8, 309
Heybridge, Langford
Road 28: 27, 37-8, 37
Laver, High 30: 197
StaplefordTawney/Stanford
Rivers 26:269-70,269
Stock 26: 224
Thaxted 23: 123, 125, 126
Wakes Colne,
Lane Farm 28: 182
Waltham Abbey,
Sun Street 26: 105, 122
Waltham, Great,
Dickeymoors 27: 90
Anglo-Saxon
early
Henham 26: 270-1, 271
Springfield 21: 144, 146
Arkesden 28: 182, 183
Ashen 27: 320, 321
Chesterford area 29: 270, 271-2,273
Easter, High 27: 320,
321
Laver, High 30: 197
Margaret Roding 27: 320,321
Mashbury 27:320,321
Pleshey 27: 320,321
Vange 29: 283, 284
Walden, Little 28: 182-3, 183
medieval
Chesterford, Great 27: 308,310
Henham 27: 308, 309
Maldon
Carmelite Friary 30: 117, 118, 119, 121, 122
High Street (Post Office) 23: 149, 150
Saffron Walden,
Nos 33-35 High Street 29: 133
Stapleford Tawney/Stanford Rivers 26: 269, 270
Stebbingford27: 118,126,151,152
Vange 29: 283, 284
WalthamAbbey 23: 109
Church Street 24: 105, 106
Sun Street 26: 119, 122 medieval/post -medieval
Brightlingsea, Moverons Farm 27: 317
Colchester, Angel Yard 27: 75, 76, 77, 78,79, 80
Harwich 21: 87-8, 88
Laver, High 30: 197
Saffron Walden,
Nos 33-35 High Street 29: 133
Thaxted, Town Street/Weaverhead Lane 29: 286, 290,
291,293
Yeldham, Great,
Old Post Office Cottages 26: 184 post-medieval
Castle Hedingham, Maiden Ley Farm 27: 32
Chipping Ongar, Pleasance Car Park, Library
site 27: 267 Leytonstone, Thome Close Avenue
Estate 28: 302, 304
Maldon Carmelite Friary 30: 86, 117, 118, 119, 120,
137
Essex Society
for Archaeology and History
not precisely dated
Billericay, School21: 22
Boreham, Bull's Lodge Quarry 22: 152
Bradwell-on-Sea, Othona Community
site 25: 68 Chelmsford, St Mary's Cathedral27: 264 Chelmsford and Essex Museum 24: 222-3, 223
Chesterford, Great 21: 17
Vintners 23: 106
Chipping Ongar, Pleasance car park 30: 161, 173
Coggeshall, 'The Lawns' 26: 99
Dunmow, Great, Buildings Farm 28:
84, 85 Harwich, Bathside Battery
25:214,215,216 Maldon
High Street,
Moot Hall (to north) 28: 139
landfill
site 22: 170
Sampford, Great, Shillingstone Field 29: 46
Springfield/Boreham A12 Interchange 30: 19
Stanway Hall Farm 23: 108
Wakering, Great 28: 5, 10
Waltham Holy Cross/Waltham Abbey 23: 109
see also coins
copper manufacture, Walthamstow Mills 23: 62 copper objects
Bronze Age Fingringhoe
22: 6, 7
Hacton 22: 9, 10
Corbett, Henry, 17th cent. Southwark
blacksmith 22: 119 Corbridge (Northumb), Red House,
bath-house 23: 121 Cordell, Robert,
baker, 17th cent.Waltham
Abbey 24: 71
Corder, J. S., ass.
toE Chancellor 26: 206
Cordingley, Revd Fred, Birdbrook Church 22: 132, 133,
134-5
Corfield, Edward, tithe map-maker
25:220-1 corn,
see also grain
corn driers
and interpretation of hearths 27: 33-4
Roman, Billericay, School21:
45
corn mills
Bocking, Bradford
Street Mill 30: 234, 236
Halstead, Rosemary Lane, Co-op Yard
(prob.) 28: 210 Temple Mills/Rockholt Mills
22: 115-17, 116, 118
Tottenham Mills 23: 57,60
Cornhill, Reginald
de, and the 13th cent. royal forests 26: 129
Cornwell, Jack, VC 28: 317
Corrie, E. S., on Essex cottages 26: 196
Costello, Mel P. et al., 'Prehistoric and Roman material from Rainham; an archaeological watching brief at the
former Rainham Football Ground, 1995'28:93-102
Costred, manor
of (near Brook Street, Brentwood) 22: 81
Coulonces family, and Stebbing fee 30: 146, 147, 151, 152
counters
bone, medieval,
Stebbingford 27: 153, 154 ceramic
Roman, Boreham,
Bull's Lodge Farm 24: 9
not precisely dated,
Coggeshall, 'The Lawns', gaming
counter 26: 99
Countryside Commission, Demonstration Farms project
24:114
Courtauld family,
and Braintree 26: 210
Courtauld Institute of Art 29: 61
Coventry (Warwicks), Carmelite Friary 30: 133
Coventry Cathedral (Warwicks) 27: 190
34
Index for Volumes 21-30
Coverdale, Joseph, agent to Lord Petre 25: 220
Cox, Thomas, Magna Britannia (1720-31)
25: 182 crafts see industries and trades
Crakebone, Robert, Colchester will (1526) 22: 87
Crammavill family, and Dengie Hall manor 21: 49, 50 Cranfield, Lionel, Earl of Middlesex
29: 228 Cranham, Broadfields Farm 30: 213
Craven,J. A.,Whilton (Northants) 26: 215
Crawter,llenry,map-maker24: 70,76;25:221,222-3,224
Crawter's maps, Ockendon,
North 25: 223
Crecy, Battle of (1346) 22: 63, 65; 26: 146
Creeksea, Creeksea Place, film Great Expectations 26: 215
cremation burials
prehistoric (general) 29:
187-8
Barling Magna, Barling Marsh 26: 222
late Neolithic/early Bronze
Age, Langford, Langford
Hall Farm 27: 268, 269
Beaker, Bentley,
Little, Hall Farm 26: 238, 245
Bronze Age
Baddow, Great
30: 22
Brightlingsea, Moverons
Pit 21: 126, 128
Broads Green 25: 10; 30: 21
Fairlop Quarry 30: 221
HarlowTemple 21: 133
Heybridge, Elms Farm
25: 250
Horndon to Barking gas pipeline
26: 287 Mount Bures (poss.) 29: 187
Mucking 21: 156
Springfield/Boreham,A12 Interchange 25: 252; 30: 10,
12,21-2
Stansted Airport, Car Park 'I' 22: 148, 158, 159 Iron Age
Heybridge 29: 233
Stansted Airport, Round Wood 21: 126, 137 middle Iron Age, Chingford
Hall21: 126, 129 late Iron Age
Fairlop Quarry 30: 220
Heybridge, Elms Farm 25: 250
Maldon Hall Farm enclosure
21: 125, 126, 133
Shoebury, North 27:
339
Stansted Airport,
Lee Valley 21: 137
Stanway Hall Farm 23: 108; 29: 207,214
'warrior burial' 24: 205-7, 206; 26: 231, 233
late Iron Age/Roman
Billericay, School21: 22,25-6,27, 43,44-5
Chesterford, Great, lckleton Road 21: 11, 13, 16-17 Dagenham, Goresbrook
Fields, Goresbrook Road 27:
264
Fairlop Quarry 26: 251
Stansted Airport
Social Club 21: 126, 136
Belgic/Roman, Asheldham Camp (poss.) 22: 14 Roman
Billericay, School/School Road 21: 45
Birchanger, Woodside Industrial Park 24: 202; 25: 28,
34,40-4,41
Boreham, Great Holts Farm 23: 100; 24: 1, 202; 25: 247;
26:247
Braintree, Grenville Road 24: 66
Chelmsford, Laurel Grove 26: 242 Colchester
Gosbecks 28: 205, 217
Kirkee McMunn barracks (poss.)
29:266 Lexden
Beverley Road 29: 205, 208-9
tomb ofLonginus 28:217
Cressing Temple
LexdenRoad
Maternity Hospital 29: 198
Sovereign Crescent 30: 210,218
Turner Rise, Asda Store 29: 194, 210
Gutteridge Wood, Weeley
25: 248 Heybridge
Elms Farm 25: 250
Langford Road 26: 250, 251; 28: 23,24-7, 25-6,28,
29-30
'box burials' 28: 27
Rochford, Westbarrow Farm 29: 201
Stansted Airport, Round
Wood 21: 137 Thaxted, St}ohn the Baptist
Church 23: 124-5 Upminster, Hunts Hill Farm 27:
270
Wakering, Great,
St Nicholas Church, land adjacent
to 30:214
White Notley 24:209
Anglo-Saxon, Witham, Maltings Lane 28:214
not precisely dated
Abridge/Chigwell, London,
Little 22: 150; 26: 247
Ardleigh, Elm Park 30: 212
Braughing (Herts)
28: 27
Burstead, Little,
High View 22: 150
Wickford, Sewage
Works 29: 210-11
Cressener family,
and St Andrew's Church, Earls Colne 28: 172,173,174,176,178
Cressing
Appletree Farm Cottage 30: 240
Great Warren
28: 151, 154, 312
Hawbush Green, Bakery Cottage (former barn?) 30: 237-41, 237, 239
Hungry
Hall28: 157, 160-4, 161-2, 228;
30: 240
Kingswood 26: 135, 136, 137, 138
landscape history
post-medieval field boundaries 26: 133, 136, 137;
28:
151-5 (inc. illustr.)
and settlement
26: 133-40 (inc. illustr.), 143
Lanham Wood 28: 151
New House Farm (later Cresleys Farm) 28: 156-60,
157-9, 164,
228
barn 28: 159-60, 159
as Saches
28: 156
Onley's Wood 28: 151
PettitWay 28: 151, 153, 154
rectilinear enclosures 26: 231 Cressing Temple
general
Cressing Temple:A Templar
and Hospital/er Manor in Essex
ed. D. D. Andrews (book review) 25: 291-2 landscape
history and settlement
24: 117; 26: 133-40
(inc. illustr.), 143
prehistoric to
Roman features 24: 204-5, 204; 26: 133 medieval period
barns 30: 130
construction design and methods 25: 107-12 (inc. illustr.); 26: 271-2, 272-3; 27: 182-92 (inc.
illustr.)
Barley Barn 24: 204-5, 204; 25: 80, 93, 94, 95, 110,
292; 27: 329; 28: 154, 218 and see construction
design above
wagon-porches 25: 111
Wheat Barn 24: 124,204, 205; 25: 80, 93, 94, 95, 108,
292; 26: 275;
28: 154,317 and see construction design above
Chapel 28: 206, 21
7, 218
35
CressingTemple
Cressing Temple, medieval
period (cont.)
Knights Hospitaller 25: 79, 94, 104, 291-2;
29: 104, 299
Knights Templar 24: 124; 25: 79, 94, 291-2; 26: 133,
136,138,141, 143;28:312;29: 104,299
medieval/post-medieval21: 127, 130-1, 130; 26: 249; 28:
209
walled garden 21: 127, 130-1, 130; 22: 153; 23: 103; 24:
204;25:80,249;26:249;28: 122
post-medieval
16th-18th cent. garden features 22: 153 17th/18th
cent.
aisled barn 27: 267
Great House ('Greate House')
25: 100, 103; 27: 268;
28: 156,164;29: 195,205
and chapel22:
153; 26: 249
demolished 22: 153; 25: 79; 26: 249
Dovehouse Field, late Iron Age to late Roman features 30:218,219
estate 25: 84,
89, 249; 28: 156, 160
see also Cressing (New House Farm and Hungry Hall)
above
Granary (later
Court Hall) 23: 103; 25: 79-106 (inc.
illustr.), 249; 28: 164
dendrochronology 25: 79, 92-6, 93,
95, 96, 103; 27:
288
malthouse and kiln (now toilet block) 25: 79-80,
83,
96-102, 98, 101, 103-4,
104
timberwork 25: 79, 81, 82, 85, 86,
87,89-92, 91,
102-3
landscape history
24: 117; 26: 133-40
(inc. illustr.)
Visitors Centre 28: 218
Warden's Garden 25: 249
Crew(e) family,Waltham
Abbey, 16th/17th cent.
24: 71, 73 Cripsey Brook, Thames
Water sewer pipe
replacement 23:
131, 136
Crispus Caesar (son ofConstantine I), coin 26: 269
Cromwell (Notts),
Roman villa estate
25:237
Cromwell, Oliver, Civil War and Harwich 25: 174-5, 182 Crondon Park see Stock
Crook, David,
'The taking of venison in the Forest of Essex, 1198-1207'26: 126-32
crop growing
hops 29: 220, 224
see also agriculture; cereal
crops; plant remains cropmarks 25: 233; 28: 188, 190, 195, 196; 29: 185-8; 30:
202
general,
early planned
landscapes 22: 54
Ardleigh 26: 223, 230; 27: 255
Asheldham Camp 22: 13, 14,25 Belcham
St Paul29: 188
Bentley, Great 28: 195, 196; 29: 188
Bentley, Little 28: 195, 196; 29: 188
Hall Farm 26: 245
Birch 26: 231,233
Blackwater estuary
28: 195
Bradfield 28: 195
Brightlingsea, Moverons Farm 28: 207
Chadwell St Mary, Rose Cottage (north
of) 27: 305, 306
Chesterford, Great 27: 255
Chignall, Beaumond Moates 27: 251
Colchester
Gosbecks 28: 195
Kirkee McMunn barracks
29: 268
Cressing 26: 231 Dunmow, Great
Essex Society
for Archaeology and History
Buildings Farm 26: 231
Folly Farm 26: 231; 28:47,51
Fairlop 30: 202
GraysThurrock, Stifford Clay Road 29: 19, 21,31
Havering-atte-Bower
30: 202
Heybridge 28: 210
Hornchurch 26: 234
Langford 26: 230; 27: 252
Leez Priory 26: 234
Leighs, Great
21: 124; 26: 231
Ongar 28: 188
Rainham, Moor Hall Farm 26: 234, 235
Rivenhall26: 231, 232;
29: 188
Roding river valley 30: 202
Saffron Walden
28: 188
St Osyth 30: 215
Southchurch, Wick Farm 29: 202 Springfield, ChelmerVillage East 28:214 Stanway
26:231,233
Stebbingford 27: 102, 104, 106
Sturmer 22: 145
Tendring, Hill Farm 30: 221
Tey, Great,
Teybrook Farm 29: 205-6
Theydon Garnon 30: 202
Thurrock, Grey Goose Farm 26: 227, 234
Witham 26: 231; 28: 214
see also aerial
reconnaissance; Brightlingsea (Moverons Pit);
parchmarks
Crosby's Ferry, River Lea 23: 64 Crossan, Carl
et al., 'Salvage Recording
of Iron Age and Roman remains at
Ickleton Road, Great Chesterford' 21: 11-18 and the late P. Christie,
'A detached kitchen at
Great
Yeldham: excavation and building study at Old Post Office Cottages, 1988-89'
26:
174-91
crossbow boltheads/bolts
medieval, Stebbingford (poss.)
27: 151, 152, 153 15th/16th cent., Ongar sewerage
scheme pipeline 23: 134,
136
Crouch, River 26: 228
and the identity ofWallfleet 26: 168, 169, 170
oyster-pit
sites 27: 253
Crouch Green see Castle Hedingham
Crowe, K. L., 'Mesolithic Flints from Badger Hall, South Benfleet, Essex'
23: 1-9
Crummy, Philip, City of Victory:the story
of
Colchester Britain's first Roman town (book review)
28: 315-16
Crusades
Third Crusade 27: 195,
196
Fourth Crusade
27: 195
Seventh Crusade
27: 196, 197
Ninth Crusade
30: 44
Albigensians 27: 196
John, second lord Bourchier on 26: 152-3 Cuilenborg, Emilius van, Dutch minister 22: 122 Cullen
family, CressingTemple 25: 102,
291
Culver,
Abraham (d 1756),
of Havering atte Bower 28: 265 Culver, Richard (d 1787) 28: 265
culverts
Coggeshall, West Street,
Robins Brook 23: 159, 160, 161
CressingTemple 28: 209,218
Maldon Carmelite Friary 30: 67, 73, 74,76, 77, 78,83-4,
83,86,138
36
Index for Volumes 21-30
Cunobelinus see coins
Curling, Revd
Thomas H., Bradwell-juxta-Coggeshall
rector 29: 59
CurlingTye Green
30: 182,183
Curteis, Tobit, 'The
uncovering and conserva,.tion of the
medieval wall paintings at St James
the Less, Little Tey' 29: 136-44
Curtis, Anna Marie (d
1806) 28: 265
cutlery industry,
Thaxted 27: 335, 336; 29: 286-93 (inc. illustr.)
Cutner, Thomas,Audley End butler 24: 165
Dagenham
medieval manorial
structure 26: 200
19th cent.,
parish workhouse 26: 201
A13 to Wennington, survey
24: 197
Becontree estate
26: 202
Crown Street, Ferry House,
medieval features 24: 198
East Brook End Park, Bronze Age and Iron Age pottery 23: 104
Ford Road 30: 214
Goresbrook Fields, Goresbrook Road, late Iron Age/Roman
features 27:264
Homdon/Barking gas pipeline
24: 199
Parsloes manor house 26: 199
St Peter and St Paul Church 26: 199, 200
the Pilon vault 29: 253
Valence House Museum 26: 202
Wood Lane, Merry Fiddlers 24: 198
History
of Dagenham a. P. Shawcross) 26: 199-203, 202
see also Chadwell
Heath
Dagenham Breach
(Parochial Charity) 26: 200
Dagnams, Romford, demolished c. 1948 25: 289
Dale, Henry (alias Anthony
Degrave) 25: 180, 181
Dale, Samuel (d 1739),
on the history of Harwich and Dovercourt 25: 182; 26: 192-4,
193
dams
Pound Wood,
Rayleigh Hills 27: 323,
324
see also causeways Danbury
medieval tile kiln 29: 206; 30: 92, 186
19th cent. tithe
mapping 25: 224
Twitty Fee, late Iron Age/Roman enclosure
22: 145, 146;
27: 11
Danbury Camp 22: 23, 26; 23: 22; 24: 205; 26: 61, 62
Danbury Country Park, Icehouse 30: 228
Danbury Place
(Danbury Park) 30:
180, 188 Danbury Ridge,
earthworks, Iron Age pottery 25: 12 Danebury (Hants) 22:34
Iron Age loomweights 26: 71
metalworking evidence 27: 155
Danegeld 27: 92
Danes see
Vikings
D'Arcy family
of Maldon 27: 223
see also Maldon (D'Arcy tower/Moot Hall) Dare, RobertWestley
Hall, MP 29: 147 Dartford (Kent)
late Bronze
Age hoard 29: 15
medieval manor of Count of St Pol27: 195, 196, 197, 199
dating
of hedgerows, Hocking 24: 114-17, 116
see also
archaeomagnetic dating; dendrochronology;
radiocarbon dating daub
general, and timber-framing 29: 226
deer
bones
Iron Age, Dunmow, Great, Buildings Farm 28: 50 medieval
Colchester, Osbome Street 25: 49
Heybridge Hall 29: 234
Roxwell quarry structure 23: 42, 45, 48
Stebbingford 27: 123, 155-6
late medieval, Saffron
Walden, Nos 33-35 High Street
29: 128, 133
post-medieval
Colchester, Osbome Street 25: 53,55
Maldon Carmelite
Friary 30: 89
not precisely dated
Chipping Ongar, Pleasance car park 30: 159, 161, 173,
174
Springfield/BorehamA12 Interchange 30: 19,37-8
Stanway Hall Farm 29: 207
Waltham
Abbey, Sun Street 26: 118
Weald, South,
Camp 26: 63
Davey, Theo, auctioneer and architect 24: 168, 173
Davies, John (architect) 24: 168, 173 Davies, Thomas, and CressingTemple 25:79 Davis, Robert, land valuer 25: 221
Dawkins, Charles, Audley
End huntsman 23: 73 Dawson, Charles James (architect) 24: 169, 174
Dawson, Lt Robert, RE, tithe mapping
25: 219-20, 222,
225
Dawson, William
Colchester estate
agent 25: 224
farmer and valuer
ofFrating Hall25: 220
D'Cruze, Shani, Our time in God's
hands (book review) 23: 170,172-3
De Burgh, Elizabeth (d 1360), rebuilding of St Mary's Church, Great Bardfield(?) 25: 269; 28: 130-1
De Burgh, Raymond,
lands of Counts of St Pol27: 193, 194, 196-7, 198, 199
De Burgh estates,
of Bardfield 24: 243 De Ferrers family see Ferrers
De Lisle, Robert see Lisle, Robert de
De Tibetot family,Tiptofts,
Wimbish 24: 120
Deacle,
Rev. E. L.Y., vicar of Messing 24: 153 Dean,
Doreen, historian 26: 199
Deane, Anthony
(later Sir), (Harwich
shipwright, later
Navy Commissioner) 25: 175, 176, 179, 181 Deane,James, Colchester builder, 18th
cent. 25: 100,101,
103
Deane,
William, of Dynes
manor, Great Maplestead 29: 233 Deane family monuments,
St Giles' Church, Great
Maplestead 30:251
Deard, George,
Old Harlow resident 22: 105 Debden
(N. Essex),
medieval manor 30: 146 Debden (W. Essex)
Debden Green WW2 defence ring 26: 256 housing survey 29: 211
see also
Loughton
Debenham, Sir Gilbert,
of Little Wenham
21: 106 Dedham
Enclosure Acts 26: 138
ring ditches
29: 187
deer, and the royal forests
26: 126
deer bones
prehistoric, Aveley 28: 215
Roman, Braintree, George Yard 24: 53-4, 61
not precisely dated
Pleshey, 'The Gardens' 28: 285, 286
Thaxted, Town Street 29: 293
37
deer enclosures
deer enclosures see Ongar
Radio Station (Great
Park) deer parks
Stock, Crondon
Park (poss.) 24: 201
Weald, South, Camp 26: 44,
45-6, 53, 60; 27: 272
see also Littley Park; Woodham Waiter
(Hall)
defensive works see air-raid shelters;
airfields; artillery; Essex Redoubt, Ongar; forts; Harwich
(defences); hillforts; Martello
towers; pill-boxes; Saffron Walden; World Wars
Defoe, Daniel
on flight
from London plague (1666) 23: 65
on Harwich
194
on men of business and property 25: 185-6 on Prince Rupert 22: 118
Denbigh
(north Wales), Carmelite
Friary 30: 133 dendrochronology 27: 288; 30: 232-3
church bellframes survey 27: 289, 290; 30: 232
list 30: 232
Belchamp St Paul, Turners
28: 231
Coggeshall, Grange Barn 27: 186,288
Colchester, St Martin's Church
28: 249
Collins Creek, Blackwater estuary
24: 209 Cressing
Hungry
Hall28: 163, 164,228
New House Farm 28: 160, 164,228
Cressing Temple
28: 156
Barley Barn 26: 271
the Granary 25: 79,92-6,
93, 95, 96, 103; 27: 288
Harmondworth, W London, Great Barn 27: 186 Laver, High, Mashams 29: 216
Maldon
All Saints'
Church, spire 124: 148
King's Head, High Street 27: 218,223
Netteswellbury, Monks'
Barn 28: 228, 237
Staplehurst (Kent),
Kent Cottage 24: 121
Totham, Great, Slough House Farm 21: 126-7, 132
Wethersfield, Codham Hall, Great 28: 228, 245
Writtle, Lordship Barn 28: 228, 246 Dengie
early planned landscapes 22: 51,57
medieval hundred 25: 75; 26: 127, 164, 168; 29: 118, 119
anti-aircraft batteries (Diver sites) 27: 255
Daneseia (Domesday placename)
21: 49
red hills 27: 255
see also Asheldham
DengieHall
medieval manor 21: 49-50
Parish Church
of StJames 21: 49-50
Denney, Patrick,
'The enclosure of Old Heath Common
1811-18'27:237-46
Denny, Edward, Waltham
Abbey lord of the manor
29: 207 Denton (Norfolk), Lodge Farm, cross-wing roof24:
120 Derby, earls of see Ferrers
deserted villages/settlements see settlement patterns Devereux family, Littley
Park 25: 131
Devil's Dyke (Cambs) 27:96
Dewey (Dewy) family, 17th cent. Waltham Abbey 24: 71-2
Dewye, Josias,
Temple Mills lease 22: 117
Dicket Mead,
Welwyn (Herts), late Roman
building 26:
265
Dickin, Dr Edward P., Essex
historian 24: 151, 152 Dickinson, John, Temple
Mills lease 22: 119 Diocletian, Emperor 26:76
Dix, Robert, freeman of Colchester (16th cent.) 21: 111
docks see waterfronts
Essex Society
for Archaeology and History
dog bones
Birchanger, Woodside
Industrial Park 25: 28
Braintree, George Yard 24: 53-4,60-1
Rainham, Tesco site 21: 134 Domesday Survey
general
Count Eustace ofBoulogne's estates
24: 240; 25: 75, 76;
26: 163;28: 103,142
in Essex (book reviews)
24: 240-1; 26: 288
and Essex tenants 24: 157-8, 160;
25: 75
and feudal topography 21: 48-56
and}. H. Round 23: 81; 24: 240; 29: 155, 156-7, 158,
170
and manors of Counts of St Pol27:
194, 195, 198 and planned landscapes
22: 55, 58
settlement and landscape 29: 115-16, 118
and sheep farming 26: 71, 76-7
and watermills 30: 273
woodland in SE Essex 22: 50, 52-3
Adulfesness (/Eldulvesnasa) (nowThe Sokens) 27: 202,
205-6,210
Barnston (Bernestuna) 24:
160
Blackwater estuary, fisheries
29: 281
Hocking Hall 24: 117
Boreham 28: 103; 30: 22
Bradwell-on-Sea (Effecestra) 25: 60
Colchester, origin of the 'Liberties' of25: 74-6 Harwich 26: 194
Hawkwell, Church 27:271
Langdon Hills, Camp 26:
49
Leyton 28: 298
Maldon 26: 162-3, 164; 28: 142
Newland, Roxwell25:
160
Ongar 30: 154
Rayleigh Castle 28: 290
Stebbing manors 30: 146, 151
Stebbingford (Horstedafort) 25: 249; 27: 106, 151, 174-6
Ugley and placename evidence 24: 153-5
Weald, South, Camp 26: 45
Woodham Waiter
30: 190
Writtle 26: 141; 27: 1
Domesday Survey of Queen Philippa (Edward ID's consort) 21: 48, 49
domestic service see employment Dominican order
Chelmsford friary 22: 73; 30: 77, 149, 151
Sudbury friary 22: 72, 73
Domitius Ahenobarbus,
Lucius, and Caesar 21: 9 Donyland, East
in Domesday
Book 25: 75
East Donyland
Hall, Neolithic axe 21: 118
High Street, Rowhedge
24: 198
Donyland, West see Berechurch and under Colchester Doraunt,John, Colchester
clerk (15th cent.)
24: 129, 130 Doreward,John (son
of Sir John, ofBocking) 21: 104 Doreward, Sir John,
ofBocking
(House
of Commons
Speaker, d 1420)
21: 104
Doreward family ofBocking
21: 104
Douglas, SirWilliam, Scottish
knight 26: 153
Doull, Alexander, tithe
maps of 25: 222, 224
dovecotes
Berechurch Hall25: 285-8 (inc. illustr.)
Brentwood, Thorndon Country
Park (poss. gazebo?)
27:
263,272
Hedingham Castle 28: 294, 295-8, 295, 296
38
Index for UJlumes 21-30
dovecotes (cont.)
Sewards End, Tiptofts 28: 223
Spains Hall, Finchingfield 28: 317 Dover (Kent) see Buckland Dovercourt
Bronze Age hoard 28: 277
medieval market 21: 89 19th/20th
cent.
Alexandra Hotel 24: 182
seaside house at 24: 182
WW2 anti-aircraft battery 29: 186
by-pass 25: 193, 194, 195
see also Harwich (Bathside Battery) Church
of All Saints, tower and porch 23: 93
Dovercourt Decoy (duck decoy pond) 29: 186 Samuel Dale's History 25: 182; 26: 192, 193, 194
Down Hall, Hatfield Broad
Oak, 19th cent. garden and park29: 200
Downhouse Farm see Hanningfield, West
Doyle,
Paul A., Fields
of the First (book
review) 29: 299-300 Doyley, John, senior,
map-maker 25:221,222
D'Oyly, Mr, Griffin Griffm's agent, Audley End 23: 70 Drayson, Frederick, of Faversham (Kent), tithe map-
maker 25:222
Dreull (Somme,
France), Bronze Age hoard 22: 7
Drewry, George, VC 28: 316
Druids, poss. temple at Bentley
24: 188-9 Dubnovellaunus, British
ruler 26: 75
duck decoy ponds 27: 250,251,254, 255; 28: 188, 192, 193;
29: 186
Duckend Farm
see Stansted
Duddenhoe, manor of, Coggeshale medieval estate 22:61 Duffus (Moray), church plate 24: 150
Dugdale, SirWilliam (d 1686), historian 24: 161, 163; 26:
199
Dunkirk
Silas Taylor
at 25: 174-5, 180
sold to France (1662) 25: 175
Dunmow, medieval
hundred of 26: 127; 27: 108, 193; 29:
115, 116, 119
Dunmow,Great Romano-British period
enclosure 21: 124, 125
poss. small town 28: 47; 30: 276
pottery (comparison) 27:317-19
textile-working 26: 77
Saxon features
21: 124, 125
medieval period 27: 174
see also Alfriston medieval manor; Southall manor (later Clapton
Hall)
19th cent., Union Workhouse
26: 212 20th cent.
and the railways
28: 305
WW2 GHQ Line 27: 274
Bigods Hall, prob. Roman villa 21: 125
Bigods medieval manor see Alfriston BigodsWood21: 125
Boyes Croft,
malthouse 25: 100, 104; 27: 256
Buildings Farm 24: 198; 25: 15, 16;26: 231; 27: 33; 28:
47-92 (inc.
illustr.)
Middle Iron Age features 25: 19, 249; 28:47,54,55,90
Structure 1 28: 50-1, 52, 53
Structure 2 28: 51-2, 54
late Iron Age/Roman features
25: 19, 25, 249; 28: 52-62,
56-9
Easter,
High
field system 25: 249; 28: 52-62,56,
58,88-90, 89
later Roman features
25: 23, 250; 28: 60-1, 62-5, 63-4
field
system 25: 249-50;
28: 60, 63, 88-90,
89
Structure 3 28: 62, 63, 89, 90
Structure 4 28: 62-3, 90
mise. finds 28: 82-8 (inc. illustr.)
see also coins; pottery; tiles Chequers Lane 28: 91 Church End
prehistoric to medieval features
26: 243
poss. Roman villa 28: 47
The Old Vicarage 27: 278
Flitch Lane, Dunelm 30: 214
Folly Farm 26: 231; 28:47,51,90
High Street, Nos 39/41 (rear),
mise. residual pottery
22: 141
Junior School, Mesolithic axe/adze 25: 226
Merks Hill Farm, poss. Roman villa 28: 47
Newton Works
28: 47
North Street,
Brook House, medieval
kitchen 28: 115, 116 St Mary the Virgin, Church of 26: 218
Dunmow, Little
and FitzWalter family 21: 49; 22: 68
Priory
the Lady Chapel (now Parish Church of All Saints)
24: 191-2
medieval mortared flint 23: 94
Priory School (1871),
now private house 26: 210
Dunstable (Beds), hat producing centre
27: 230 Durham, Jolland de 27: 194, 198
Durham Cathedral27: 189
Durrington Walls (Wilts), late Neolithic pottery 22: 8
'Dutch' cottages
Dutch Cottage Museum, Canvey Island 22: 122, 123-4,
124, 128-30, 131
Rayleigh, Crown Hill22: 122, 124-7, 130-1
Dutch Reformed Churches
22: 122,123,128
Dutch wars see Wars
Dybney,Joan, Colchester
will (1571) 22:97 dyke systems of defence
at Camulodunum 21: 142,
143
atVerulamium 21: 142, 143
Dynes family
of Cressing 30: 239-40
Earls Colne
19th cent. tithe commutation maps 25: 222
Atlas Ironworks 26: 235; 29: 189,
190
Combe Hay, 16th/17th cent. house 29: 226
Nightingale Hall Farm, prehistoric and post-medieval fmds
30: 196
Priory 26: 253; 28: 172
St Mary's Priory Church 28: 167, 174-5
St Andrew's
Church 28: 16 7
churchyard 28: 172, 175, 176, 177
evolution 28: 165-72, 171
monuments 28: 165,168,170,172-6,173
pews
28: 165, 166, 169, 176-8
restoration 28: 165, 166
Sonningwells 29: 224-6, 225
earthquake (1884), Colchester area 26: 217 East Ham see Ham,
East
East India Company,
Harts Hospital, Woodford Green 23: 110
Easter, High
Anglo-Saxon metalwork
27: 320,
321
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